Historical Background: Section III.A.2

​The United States Federal Government has its roots in the history of the United States, dating back to the late 18th century when the United States Constitution was drafted and adopted. The Constitution established a federal system of government, where power is divided between the national government and the states. The early years of the Federal Government were marked by debates over the extent of federal power and the balance of power between the branches of government. The first President, George Washington, worked to establish the authority and legitimacy of the new government, while the first Congress, led by James Madison, established the framework for the federal system. Throughout the 19th century, the Federal Government's power expanded, particularly in the areas of commerce and national defense. The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, had a profound impact on the role of the Federal Government, as it led to the abolition of slavery and the establishment of a stronger central government. In the early 20th century, the Federal Government took on a more active role in regulating the economy and promoting social welfare programs. The Great Depression of the 1930s, followed by World War II, further expanded the Federal Government's role in the economy and national defense. Since then, the role and responsibilities of the Federal Government have continued to evolve, with debates over issues such as federalism, the balance of power between the branches of government, and the appropriate scope of federal power remaining ongoing. However, the historical background of the United States Federal Government provides a foundation for understanding its current role and functions in American society.